In Ayurveda Panchakarma is an important treatment. Panchakarma is a purifying therapy to improve the metabolic process through food and herbal medicines. Panchakarma treatment is mainly used to balance the tri-Doshas that are vatha pitha and kapha. Vamana (vomiting), virechana(purging), basthi(therapeutic enema), Nasya karma (Nasal therapy)and Raktamokshana (therapeutic bloodletting). These are the five Panchakarma treatments.
The Panchakarma treatment contains three stages Purva karma (Pre-treatment), Pradhama karma (Primary-treatment) and Paschath karma (After-treatment).These three stages are must followed by the patient who choose any one of the five therapies.
Purva Karma (Pre-treatment)
Oil therapy, massage and fomentation therapy these are the Purva karma treatments. In this Purva karma treatments snehana (oil therapy) and Svedana (Sudation) are the important therapies. By conducting Snehana (inner and outer oleation) the toxins stuck in different parts of the body will be separated. Snehana is administering sneha or snigdha dravyas in the form of taila, gritha, vasa (muscle fat) and majja (bone marrow) to the body. The sneha is given with herbs is to help a particular patient’s disease. If sneha is given without adding herbs is called achcha sneha. This type of treatment is more powerfull. The maximum days of snehana treatment is seven days and this conducted in early morning. Snehana helps to balance the tri dhoshas.
Oil massage (abhyangha) is an important treatment in ayurveda, the duration of this massage is about 45 minutes. The procedure of these treatments is two therapists massage on either side of the patients who lies on a wooden bed. In this treatment the foot area is more concentrated because the foot area containing more nerve nodal points (Marmas) which have direct connection to the interval organs. The right foot is massaged with clockwise direction and the left foot is massaged in anti-clockwise direction. While conducting the treatment the patient lies down in seven standard positions.
Depending on the disease svedana is given to the patient for cleaning the whole part of the body. By using the fire-saagni sweda steam of medicated herbs is given. Without using fire this treatment is called anagni sweda,done by sitting under the sun, being in thirst, hunger, covering the body with thick bed sheets, or being in a closed dark room. Svedana is conducted for amplify channels in the body to facilitate the movement of the ama towards the koshta. Fomentation covers both dry and sticky materials (snigha dravyas). After this treatment doshas will be liquefied. Svedana conducted after abhyanga. After completing all these treatments the patients will ready for the next stage that is vamana and other procedures.
Pradhana Karma (Primary treatment)
This treatment contain Vamana (Emesis or Vomiting), Virechana (Purging), Vasti (therapeutic enema), Nasya (nasal therapy)and rahtamokshana .The primary treatment itself called Pancha karma.
Vamana Karma (Vomiting)
This treatment is used for correcting the kapha imbalance. Before this treatment the patient conducted abhyanga (oil massage) and taking Ghee in diet that is kaphagenic diet is prescribed for the patient. By applying this Kapha in the body will be aggravated. Vamana Karma is used for Kapha imbalance like Bronchitis, Cold, Cough, Asthma, Sinus, & Excess mucus. Vamana is emesis therapy, expelling doshas through mouth. By applying Snehana and swedana the toxins and vitiated doshas transported to stomach (amashaya). By conducting Vamana these toxins and vitiated doshas blow out through mouth. Vamana karma is conducted in early morning and not conducted in empty stomach. Vamana is conducted for the diseases like cough, asthma, indigestion, poisoning, tonsillitis, nasal discharge, tuberculosis. Loud speech, overeating, continued sitting, too much walking, anger, anxiety, coitus, retention of natural urges have to be avoided after Vamana karma.
Virechana Karma (Therapeutic Purgation)
This treatment is used for pitta disorders. Virechana is conducted to eliminate excess toxins and vitiated doshas through purgation. Skin disorders, Acidity, Heart burn, Peptic ulcer, Jaundice, Intestinal parasites these are controlled by conducting virechana. Toxins and vitiated doshas from blood, liver and intestines are expelled by conducted virechana. After completing snehana and swedana virechana applied for the patient and the time will be around 8-9 am. Patients who have pitta dosha disorders like Skindiseases, jaundice, constipation, headache, fistula, hemorrhoids, intestinal parasites, herpes, anemia, edema etc suggested this therapy.
Vasti Karma (Enema)
This treatment is used for vatha disorders like Chronic Constipation, bloated stomach, gases, malnourished people, sexual disorders, constipation, backache, Spinal pain. In Panchakarma vasti karma is most important. During these procedures vata dosha in the body loosened and removed out of the body through rectum. Nirooha Vasti and Anuvasan Vasti are the two types of vasti karma depend upon the body type. In Nirooha vasti herbal decoction is used. But in Anuvasan vasti herbal oil is used. By conducting vasti karma toxins and vitiated doshas removed through anus. The meaning of vasti is urinary bladder. In older times the apparatus of vasti karma is prepared with urinary bladder of animals so this treatment is called vasti karma.
Nasya Karma.
In this treatment the liquid herbal preparations or medicated oils pours through nose. This treatment is known as Shirovirechana. During this therapy the toxins and vitiated doshas removed through nose and mouth. The nasya karma is classified in to four these are Navana Nasya (Medicated oil used), Avapidana Nasya (squeezed juice of herbs is used), pradhamana nasya (Inhale powered herbs) , Dhuma nasya (Inhale fumes of medical herbs ). Nasya karma is conducted for the diseases like tonsillitis, stiff neck, stiff jaw, headache, sinusitis, stammering etc.
Raktamokshana (therapeautic bloodletting)
In this treatment the vitiated blood removed from the different parts of the body. Raktamokshana is classified in to two. By Sastra prayoga and By Anusastra prayoga. Sastra prayoga again classified in to Siravedhana and Prachchana and Anusastra also again classified in to Alabu,Shrunga and jalauka. For Pachchana used surgical instruments .leech application is another method of raktamokshana.
Paschat Karma (post-treatment)
In this treatment the digestion power of the body intensified, which will decrease after the pradanakarma treatment.
The Panchakarma treatment contains three stages Purva karma (Pre-treatment), Pradhama karma (Primary-treatment) and Paschath karma (After-treatment).These three stages are must followed by the patient who choose any one of the five therapies.
Purva Karma (Pre-treatment)
Oil therapy, massage and fomentation therapy these are the Purva karma treatments. In this Purva karma treatments snehana (oil therapy) and Svedana (Sudation) are the important therapies. By conducting Snehana (inner and outer oleation) the toxins stuck in different parts of the body will be separated. Snehana is administering sneha or snigdha dravyas in the form of taila, gritha, vasa (muscle fat) and majja (bone marrow) to the body. The sneha is given with herbs is to help a particular patient’s disease. If sneha is given without adding herbs is called achcha sneha. This type of treatment is more powerfull. The maximum days of snehana treatment is seven days and this conducted in early morning. Snehana helps to balance the tri dhoshas.
Oil massage (abhyangha) is an important treatment in ayurveda, the duration of this massage is about 45 minutes. The procedure of these treatments is two therapists massage on either side of the patients who lies on a wooden bed. In this treatment the foot area is more concentrated because the foot area containing more nerve nodal points (Marmas) which have direct connection to the interval organs. The right foot is massaged with clockwise direction and the left foot is massaged in anti-clockwise direction. While conducting the treatment the patient lies down in seven standard positions.
Depending on the disease svedana is given to the patient for cleaning the whole part of the body. By using the fire-saagni sweda steam of medicated herbs is given. Without using fire this treatment is called anagni sweda,done by sitting under the sun, being in thirst, hunger, covering the body with thick bed sheets, or being in a closed dark room. Svedana is conducted for amplify channels in the body to facilitate the movement of the ama towards the koshta. Fomentation covers both dry and sticky materials (snigha dravyas). After this treatment doshas will be liquefied. Svedana conducted after abhyanga. After completing all these treatments the patients will ready for the next stage that is vamana and other procedures.
Pradhana Karma (Primary treatment)
This treatment contain Vamana (Emesis or Vomiting), Virechana (Purging), Vasti (therapeutic enema), Nasya (nasal therapy)and rahtamokshana .The primary treatment itself called Pancha karma.
Vamana Karma (Vomiting)
This treatment is used for correcting the kapha imbalance. Before this treatment the patient conducted abhyanga (oil massage) and taking Ghee in diet that is kaphagenic diet is prescribed for the patient. By applying this Kapha in the body will be aggravated. Vamana Karma is used for Kapha imbalance like Bronchitis, Cold, Cough, Asthma, Sinus, & Excess mucus. Vamana is emesis therapy, expelling doshas through mouth. By applying Snehana and swedana the toxins and vitiated doshas transported to stomach (amashaya). By conducting Vamana these toxins and vitiated doshas blow out through mouth. Vamana karma is conducted in early morning and not conducted in empty stomach. Vamana is conducted for the diseases like cough, asthma, indigestion, poisoning, tonsillitis, nasal discharge, tuberculosis. Loud speech, overeating, continued sitting, too much walking, anger, anxiety, coitus, retention of natural urges have to be avoided after Vamana karma.
Virechana Karma (Therapeutic Purgation)
This treatment is used for pitta disorders. Virechana is conducted to eliminate excess toxins and vitiated doshas through purgation. Skin disorders, Acidity, Heart burn, Peptic ulcer, Jaundice, Intestinal parasites these are controlled by conducting virechana. Toxins and vitiated doshas from blood, liver and intestines are expelled by conducted virechana. After completing snehana and swedana virechana applied for the patient and the time will be around 8-9 am. Patients who have pitta dosha disorders like Skindiseases, jaundice, constipation, headache, fistula, hemorrhoids, intestinal parasites, herpes, anemia, edema etc suggested this therapy.
Vasti Karma (Enema)
This treatment is used for vatha disorders like Chronic Constipation, bloated stomach, gases, malnourished people, sexual disorders, constipation, backache, Spinal pain. In Panchakarma vasti karma is most important. During these procedures vata dosha in the body loosened and removed out of the body through rectum. Nirooha Vasti and Anuvasan Vasti are the two types of vasti karma depend upon the body type. In Nirooha vasti herbal decoction is used. But in Anuvasan vasti herbal oil is used. By conducting vasti karma toxins and vitiated doshas removed through anus. The meaning of vasti is urinary bladder. In older times the apparatus of vasti karma is prepared with urinary bladder of animals so this treatment is called vasti karma.
Nasya Karma.
In this treatment the liquid herbal preparations or medicated oils pours through nose. This treatment is known as Shirovirechana. During this therapy the toxins and vitiated doshas removed through nose and mouth. The nasya karma is classified in to four these are Navana Nasya (Medicated oil used), Avapidana Nasya (squeezed juice of herbs is used), pradhamana nasya (Inhale powered herbs) , Dhuma nasya (Inhale fumes of medical herbs ). Nasya karma is conducted for the diseases like tonsillitis, stiff neck, stiff jaw, headache, sinusitis, stammering etc.
Raktamokshana (therapeautic bloodletting)
In this treatment the vitiated blood removed from the different parts of the body. Raktamokshana is classified in to two. By Sastra prayoga and By Anusastra prayoga. Sastra prayoga again classified in to Siravedhana and Prachchana and Anusastra also again classified in to Alabu,Shrunga and jalauka. For Pachchana used surgical instruments .leech application is another method of raktamokshana.
Paschat Karma (post-treatment)
In this treatment the digestion power of the body intensified, which will decrease after the pradanakarma treatment.
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